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Monday, May 23, 2011

Mobile Emergency Communications: Mobile Repeater and Mesh Node.

Mobile Emergency Communications: Mobile Repeater and Mesh Node.

Mobile Emergency Communications: Mobile Repeater and Mesh Node.

What happens when the grid breaks? Communications need to be restored.

After Hurricane Katrina hit, BellSouth announced that it would take 3 months to restore phone lines. Volunteers using WiFi gear were able to connect churches and community centers within the first weeks and within three days of setting up an asterisk call server, routed 10,000 phone calls. Reliable backup infrastructure can be brought up in hours or minutes if you are prepared and have a plan in place.

Here is a plan for a mobile mesh repeater node to be used while you are setting up permanent installations, doing site surveys or for completely mobile teams.
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Step 1Make sure you have everything.

Spool of Cat5e: I always use red to announce that there is power running through it.

Crimpers and Connectors: Even though it's wireless, you always need to use *some* wire.

Backpack or messenger bag: The orange bag pictured is a waterproof backpack/messenger that I got as a promotional item, Any durable, rubberized bag will do the job.

Power Source: I use a sealed lead acid Hawker Genesis 12V 16Ah . You can use any 12V battery, but it's important to pick something up with long life and low weight. Having an easy to find charging system is also a good idea.

Mesh Node: We are using the Metrix Mark II Kit here. Running Pyramid Linux , it can act as an access point, a client, a mesh node, and more. Being waterproof is also a nice touch.

Antennas: Whips are nice, but they don't go very far, For this setup, we've got an outdoor 8dbi omni and a small 10dbi patch antenna. This allows us to set up a directional link to our upstream node while serving clients locally. Picking your antennas really depends on how far you're going to advance and what you can carry. If you're using this as temporary infrastructure while setting up permanent installations or using it as site survey equipment, I recommend matching them with your standard kit. If you are only doing temporary sites, the above combination is pretty flexible. Both of these antennas were picked up at HyperLink
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23 comments
Apr 4, 2011. 2:19 AMac7ss says:
In said bag it would be simple to clip it to a flagpole line and hoist the whole thing up! use the long cat5 to run to the base of the pole (where the battery will remain safe and accessible.)
Nov 22, 2010. 9:13 PMandreblue says:
For the battery you could use a charger from a trailer break-away fail safe system.One good one is the tap system and it recharges the battery and stops it from being over charged. Plus then you can add a 12v car adapter to it and recharge in the car.
Nov 24, 2009. 11:18 AMKD7CAO says:
I am worried about safety aspects on this project.

1) You didn't install any sort of protection for this device, I would highly recommend a voltage regulator to supply the unit with the correct amount of current and voltage. This will prevent spikes such as those that would occur from charging.

2) Installation of inline fuses is a must for this type of project.

3) How do you plan on charging the battery? This will probably run somewhere around 5 days depending on data usage with this size batter. Why not install a small solar collector as well?

4) Antenna above AGL is a must for something along these lines to have good coverage. This type of packaging doesn't really support this. Why not a pole mountable box? Mount it to the side of a telephone pole, lamp post, set it on a tripod, etc...

5) Finally, what is this talking back to? Most Mesh Nets require one or more WAN points. This Instructable does not state whether this is a node, router, or end user application.
Mar 20, 2009. 9:39 AMdrbill says:
Why not just become a Ham Radio operator. No more Morse Code you know in the US.
Jun 6, 2006. 2:10 AMKD7WHQ says:
This of course presumes that the WiFi internet connect will exist. Hardly a realististic emergency scenario, on two levels; the existance of the landlines (which weren't there after Katrina), and someone connected with an access point. Which definitely didn't exist. Nextel couldn't keep their trailer running for more than some six hours at a time, and the other wireless carriers didn't fare better. A great idea in concept, but lacking in view.
Mar 14, 2009. 10:16 PMklingoncowboy4 says:
indeed HAM Radio solutions usually fair better, this does of coarse mean that the general public is still without direct contact, during an intense such as this most telephone companies will activate emergency only traffic anyway. However, that being said if you could use some sort of satellite internet you might be able to arrange something, yes the latancy is horrible and most voip won't work (I know cause I am stuck between either sat or dial-up), but it is still better than nothing.
Jul 28, 2008. 7:11 PMsypher says:
so this is a doomsday stand alone wpa?
Jul 28, 2008. 7:11 PMsypher says:
*WAP
Jun 6, 2006. 2:14 AMKD7WHQ says:
On review, for local comm, it is doable. Sorry for that. No edit, ya know..
Apr 17, 2006. 3:33 PMrearden says:
Has this been extensively tested? I have a few questions on the design. I tried a mix of patch and omni antennas using a WRT54 while trying to cover an 80 acre area using WDS and received problems with the diversity antenna logic. It would start dropping packets while listening to either the local or remote node. My current recommendation is that mixing directional and omni antennas without using multiple radios and backhaul channels will give you disappointing performance, dropped connections and low throughput. I think a lower cost, but less durable packaging, version of this can be created using WRT54GL based routers, they are in the 50-70$ range and you can then put something like dd-wrt on them. Take the cpu board out of the box and put it into a different enclosure if you want. The voip build even runs SipAtHome which makes the router an outbound proxy and treats all LAN voip phones as a "local" call, so you can have an internal phone network as an added plus, even when your external connection goes down. Use sipura ATAs and even get painless secure (SRTP) calls. rearden
Apr 16, 2006. 7:39 PMjzellis says:
I'm not involved with this project, but here are some guesses: 1) The antenna would allow users to pick up longer-range signals, by virtue of simply being bigger and badder. It probably connects to the box via a coaxial cable, similar or identical to your TV cable connection. 2) The box uses the PoE (or Power over Ethernet) standard. A lot of people don't know that you can power small devices over Ethernet cable, the same way your phone is powered by the phone line. He's taking the two power wires from an Ethernet cable, hooking 'em into a battery, and tying off or crimping off the rest (since he doesn't need the data connections). In theory, you could hook this into a solar panel as well, or rather you'd connect the battery to a solar panel, since you'd want the solar panel to charge the battery. This is a really interesting design; I'm potentially laying out a wide-area wireless network in a remote location, and this is ideal for my purposes. A modified version could serve as permanent access points, and I could carry it around with me to test it! Very cool.
Apr 15, 2006. 8:06 PMCWP says:
Please have patience with us.......Yeah, I consider myself a pretty tech savy guy and thats why I love this site. But many of the projects are seriously lacking in good instructions or backgroug info. Sure I could spend my life searching google on things like this but when someone posts really good instructions you rarely have to. Im really interested in backup comms because I live right smack dab in the middle of eathquake central. I see that you split the cable and part of it went to the battery but where do the rest of the connections go? Also more detail on the antenna would be helpful. helter had an interesting comment about being able to do it for cheaper using spare parts.... tell us more please.
Apr 12, 2006. 8:28 PMCWP says:
Sorry for the newb question but is the point of this thing so you can pick up wifi signals from farther away? Does the antenna mount to it in any special way?
Apr 15, 2006. 6:48 PMronin.ca says:
I'm with you... a bit of background for us tech peons please.
Apr 12, 2006. 6:00 PMxsmurf says:
Nice, simple and effective mod. Have you thought of adding solar panels to charge the thing? P.S. I like the orange :)
Apr 12, 2006. 8:20 PMmikesty says:
$500 for the repeater unit itself? :( Pretty cool i guess otherwise...
Apr 13, 2006. 3:02 AMHelter says:
That's the "off the shelf" solution. The board itself can be had for less than $200, and the mini-pci wireless cards can be found cheaply as well, or salvaged from old laptops. The enclosure can be home fab'ed pretty easily too.
Apr 12, 2006. 9:27 PMTemo Vryce says:
When the ____ hits the fan and you need to find out if your family is ok or not. $500 is a small price to pay. This is very cool and it would nice to see this produced on a large scale in a small package.

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