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Konstantinos Stylianou on technological determinism and privacy

Konstantinos Stylianou on technological determinism and privacy: "

On the podcast this week, Konstantinos Stylianou, a former Fulbright Scholar now working on a PhD in law at Penn Law School, and author of the provocative new essay, “Hasta La Vista Privacy, or How Technology Terminated Privacy,” discusses technological determinism and privacy. Stylianou’s thesis is that the evolution of technology is eliminating privacy; therefore, lawmakers should switch emphasis from regulating the collection of information, which he claims is inevitable, to regulating the use of that information. Stylianou discusses why digital networks specifically make it difficult to keep information private, differences between hard and soft technological determinism, and when he thinks people will realize about their private information what the recording industry has finally realized about digital music.

Related Links

• “Hasta La Vista Privacy, or How Technology Terminated Privacy,” by Stylianou


• “Why Your Personal Information Wants to Be Free,” by Jerry Brito


• “Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook users eventually get over privacy anxiety,” ZDNet


• “(your) information wants to be free,” Ben Adida

To keep the conversation around this episode in one place, we’d like to ask you to comment at the web page for this episode on Surprisingly Free. Also, why not subscribe to the podcast on iTunes?

"

kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice

Cell Phone Calls Without Cell Towers? | Plus Ultra Technologies/30 steps

Cell Phone Calls Without Cell Towers? | Plus Ultra Technologies/30 steps

Cell Phone Calls Without Cell Towers?

There is a new technology about to be introduced that will allow you to make calls even if the cell towers in your area are down or have been "turned off." Read aboutProject Serval.

Giulio Prisco (self portrait?)

Let us begin by saying that the idea for this article came from a friendGiulio Prisco, who has been talking about this idea on Facebook, influencing us to investigate it.


With the increasing importance of electronic communication in the world, this communication is becoming indispensable. We cannot live without them and have any hopes of continuing the modern technological lifestyle.

See These Pages:FUTURISMTECH TRENDSSINGULARITYSCIENCECENSORSHIPSOCIAL NETWORKSeREADERSMOBILE DEVICES


Imagine the recent disaster that happened in Haiti, or New Orleans, or the floods that have hit the Brisbane area of Australia. These events require instant communication and information to safeguard the lives of millions. Nowadays, this communication is accomplished through cell phone technology. Yet these very events destroy the cell phone towers necessary for this kind of communication to take place. What can be done?

Imagine a despotic government that wishes to control what, how and even when their people communicate. Countries like Egypt, China, North Korea, and Vietnam come to mind. It is possible in these countries to shut down the Internet. But no country has the power to shut down the Internet in the entire world. No country has the power to shut down the Internet in a neighboring country. Here is an interview with Professor Gardner-Stephens provided bytimeladyon the scenario in Egypt where the Internet was shut down. If you cannot access this embedded sound file here is the link: http://soundcloud.com/salimfadhley/pd_mesh1.
Mesh Networks in Authoritarian Regimes, with Dr. Paul Gardner-Stephen, founder of the Serval Projectbysalimfadhley

Paul Gardner-Stephens

This technological limitation of cell phone communications could be changed in a radical way at little or no cost, according to Professor Paul Gardner-Stephens of Flinders University in Australia. He is using a so called "mesh network" to accomplish this. What Professor Gardner-Stephens has done with his Project Serval is write open source apps for the Android platform and then presumably the iPhone as well as any other type of smart phone that has built in Wi-Fi. This mesh network would useVOIPtechnology (voice over IP) to carry voice communications. These phones would connect to each other in a semi daisy chain method until one of the phones was able to reach a cell tower to then send the voice communication anywhere in the world. But, it would possible in theory to avoid any cell tower if there phones with this built in software and Wi-Fi abilities were ubiquitous. These mesh networks cost a fraction of the expense as traditional cell phone towers. This would open up the remaining 2 billion people on Earth to this technology at a cost of only a cell phone. Gardner-Stephens idea is

Cisco visualization click to enlarge

that as Industrial nations discard their present smart phones, these will be made available to developing countries enabling this technology in their area.

Mesh networks follow a decentralized network structure with teach connection serving as a relay in the network as well. Each connection, whether in the form of a cell phone, a computer, etc., can not only communicate to any other member of the network, but it can also relay an incoming call or data packet to another member of the network. These mesh networks can assemble or disassemble themselves instantly and form smaller networks between nodes that are within range. The U.S. military is using them in remote locations where there are no cell towers. The implications of this kind of networking have enormous implications for the future business models of companies like Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint as well as other international telecommunication companies. The coming electrical "smart grid" in the United States will be using a mesh network. Here are a group of videos explaining mesh networks. If you cannot see the embedded video here is the link: http://tinyurl.com/4ayabt7.

There is a company called Village Telco which is already commercially pushing mesh networks.

Here is a video fromVillage Telcoexplaining their vision. If you cannot see the embedded video here is the link: http://vimeo.com/7924369. They have produced a piece of hardware called the Mesh Potato. This product would allow each home to connect to the telephony system without a cell tower. Of course as they say, it would have to be legal under the government's regulatory agency. Under the question of areVillage Telcos legalit states:

This is dependent on the local regulatory environment for telecommunications. In some developing countries, access to WiFi spectrum is still restricted and a Village Telco would either need a spectrum license or exemption from such a license. In some countries, WiFi innovators have had success by flying under the radar of regulation but it is hard to imagine Village Telcos going to scale without a regulatory framework that allows interconnection with other telecommunications networks.

Also this site states that the Village Telco is primarily intended for individual users at home. This is quite different from the cell phone vision of Project Serval.

Steve Song - The Village Telco - TEDx NewtownfromSteve SongonVimeo.

Either way, this mesh networking and especially Project Serval promises to change the landscape of cellular and Wi-Fi communications in the future.

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How to Protect Your Privacy When You Willingly Share Your Computer [Privacy]

How to Protect Your Privacy When You Willingly Share Your Computer [Privacy]: "

When a friend wants to borrow your computer to check her email, she can stumble onto embarrassing information about your life without even trying. Maybe you secure your passwords or encrypt important files, but do you log out of Facebook every time you leave your personal computer? Or your email? Your computer knows an awful lot about you, and it's perfectly willing to share unless you tell it otherwise. Fortunately, there are plenty of ways you can protect your digital privacy in meat space. This guide will show you how. More »

"

kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice

So, What's the Deal With MicroSkype?

So, What's the Deal With MicroSkype?: "
Well, the Linux bloggers down at the blogosphere's Broken Windows Lounge had just barely finished chanting Skype's funeral dirge last week when word came that there might be reason to belt out another round. Sure enough, turned out Skype has decided to cut its ties with the free and open source Asterisk telephony system, leaving Microsoft's new VoIP offering with one fewer FOSSy friend to worry about supporting -- and leaving Asterisk users with one fewer option for Skype integration."

kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice

Sarkozy, Facebook, Moral Panics & the Third-Person Effect Hypothesis

Sarkozy, Facebook, Moral Panics & the Third-Person Effect Hypothesis: "

John Naughton, a professor at the Open University in the U.K. and a columnist for the U.K. Guardian, has a new essay out entitled “Only a Fool or Nicolas Sarkozy Would Go to War with Facebook.” I enjoyed it because it touches upon two interrelated concepts that I’ve spent years writing about: “moral panic” and “third-person effect hypothesis” (although Naughton doesn’t discuss the latter by name in his piece.) To recap, let’s define those terms:

“Moral Panic” / “Techno-Panic“: Christopher Ferguson, a professor at Texas A&M’s Department of Behavioral, Applied Sciences and Criminal Justice, offers the following definition: “A moral panic occurs when a segment of society believes that the behavior or moral choices of others within that society poses a significant risk to the society as a whole.” By extension, a “techno-panic” is simply a moral panic that centers around societal fears about a specific contemporary technology (or technological activity) instead of merely the content flowing over that technology or medium.

“Third-Person Effect Hypothesis“: First formulated by psychologist W. Phillips Davison in 1983, “this hypothesis predicts that people will tend to overestimate the influence that mass communications have on the attitudes and behavior of others. More specifically, individuals who are members of an audience that is exposed to a persuasive communication (whether or not this communication is intended to be persuasive) will expect the communication to have a greater effect on others than on themselves.” While originally formulated as an explanation for how people convinced themselves “media bias” existed where there none was present, the third-person-effect hypothesis has provided an explanation for other phenomenon and forms of regulation, especially content censorship. Indeed, one of the most intriguing aspects about censorship efforts historically is that it is apparent that many censorship advocates desire regulation to protect others, not themselves, from what they perceive to be persuasive or harmful content. That is, many people imagine themselves immune from the supposedly ill effects of “objectionable” material, or even just persuasive communications or viewpoints they do not agree with, but they claim it will have a corrupting influence on others.

All my past essays about moral panics and third-person effect hypothesis can be found here. These theories are also frequently on display in the work of some of the “Internet pessimists” I have written about here, as well as in many bills and regulatory proposals floated by lawmakers. Which brings us back to the Naughton essay.

Naughton comments on French president Nicolas Sarkozy’s recent speech at the eG8 summit, which many regarded as an attack on the Internet and online freedoms. Naughton argues:

in a way, he was just acting as a mouthpiece for the political, judicial, commercial and security establishments which are becoming increasingly hysterical about the way the internet is upending their respective applecarts. In that sense, Sarky was echoing the fulminations of England’s lord chief justice that “technology is out of control”, by which he meant, as Peter Preston has pointed out, is beyond his control.

Establishment panic about the net’s disruptiveness is matched by renewed outbreaks of an age-old neurosis – moral panic about the impact of new communications technology on young people. This was fuelled last week by a report that Facebook was going to allow children under the age of 13 to become members. US law currently insists that websites that collect information about users (as Facebook does) aren’t allowed to sign on anyone under the age of 13.

I think Naughton’s probably on to something here. I’m not quite sure Sarkozy’s speech fit the classic “moral panic” model, but I did sense a bit of third-person effect hypothesis at work in some of Sarkozy’s comments. Naughton continues on to discuss the rising fears about social networking sites in particular and notes “the fixed conviction of the adult world that young people are being seduced, hoodwinked, fixated, dumbed down (insert favourite downside here) by Facebook and Twitter.” To this concern Naughton rightly notes:

Much of the moral panic about social networking is a projection of adult fears. A neurosis, as Ken Tynan wisely observed, is a secret that you don’t know you’re keeping. Many teenagers do silly things online; what their parents forget is that they also did silly things in their youth.

Quite right. This is actually a very old story. From the waltz to rock and roll to rap music, from movies to comic books to video games, from radio and television to the Internet and social networking websites—every new media format or technology spawns a fresh debate about the potential negative effects it might have on kids. In each case, the adult generation forgets they, too, were once kids and somehow got through the trials and tribulations of the adolescent experience.

The late University of North Carolina journalism professor Margaret A. Blanchard once noted: “[P]arents and grandparents who lead the efforts to cleanse today’s society seem to forget that they survived alleged attacks on their morals by different media when they were children. Each generation’s adults either lose faith in the ability of their young people to do the same or they become convinced that the dangers facing the new generation are much more substantial than the ones they faced as children.” And Thomas Hine, author of The Rise and Fall of the American Teenager, argues that: “We seem to have moved, without skipping a beat, from blaming our parents for the ills of society to blaming our children. We want them to embody virtues we only rarely practice. We want them to eschew habits we’ve never managed to break.”

What is needed, as I argued in my old book on Parental Controls and Online Child Protection, is a measured and balanced approach to children’s exposure to media content and online interactions — whether the fear is objectionable content or privacy. All-or-nothing extremes are not going to work. In particular, fear-mongering and “techno-panics” are never the proper response. “Fear, in many cases, is leading to overreaction, which in turn could give rise to greater problems as young people take detours around the roadblocks we think we are erecting,” argue John Palfrey and Urs Gasser, authors of the brilliant recent book, Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. What parents, guardians, and educators need to understand, they argue, “is that the traditional values and common sense that have served them well in the past will be relevant in this new world, too.”

That is good advice to parents and policymakers alike.

"

kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice

Why Chattanooga Represents Broadband’s Future

Why Chattanooga Represents Broadband’s Future: "

EPB stakeholder meeting

“Chattanooga is what the Internet will look like in 10 years. We’re 10 times faster 10 years sooner than the goals established in the National Broadband Plan.” Harold DePriest, President – EPB.

Last September, Chattanooga, Tenn.’s public utility (EPB) announced the first gigabit broadband service in the U.S. To fully grasp the economic power of true broadband, community leaders and broadband champions need look under the hood to get the inside scoop. Luckily, over 130 community-owned fiber networks besides EPB’s are pumping out great service, including Pulaski, Tenn., Powell, Wyo. and Santa Monica, Calif. This month, I did a broadband site visit to Chattanooga to see the future unfolding there firsthand. Check out what I found!

The Grid Rocks!

Since launching their network, the smart grid application is paying dividends. Gigabit speed is enabling EPB to rapidly deploy intelligent switches that instantly re-route electricity on the grid so homes and businesses experience much shorter outages when natural disaster strikes. After eight tornadoes touched down in one day in Chattanooga recently, the smart grid saved 730,000 outage minutes. This grid is so smart that in some cases it detects problems even before they even occur. “We expect big potential economic gains here,” said one EPB official. “Just a brief flicker in service can cost Chattanooga businesses collectively a million dollars. Reliable electricity is a key factor in businesses deciding to move here.”

Survivor Meets Gigabit City

Co.Lab is a business incubator that provides start-ups with resources from advice and workspace to valuable business connections. One major resource is its 48Hour Launch, a pressure-cooker weekend in which over a dozen would-be Steve Jobs compete to see who can create the most viable business.

Harold DePriest, President of EPB (left) and Craig Settles

On a Friday last month, over 200 marketing executives, developers, financial experts and general business managers gathered in an abandoned building to listen to 21 entrepreneurs with various tech product demos explain why they were potentially the next Microsoft (s msft). Potential mentors in other states video-conferenced into the event. EPB had wired the building with a separate fiber line and wireless access points.

Those entrepreneurs who gave a great two-minute presentation made the first cut. The rest either sat on the sidelines or joined a surviving company. In another weeding-out process that night, anyone sitting in the audience could join with an entrepreneur to create a management team. Those who couldn’t build a team were eliminated from competition, leaving 10 hopefuls. Working non-stop from Friday to Sunday night, these teams built their products and business plans. The products were mainly web-based or mobile applications, so everything was done online by teams in the building along with those connected remotely: programming, buildouts, trials, research, business and financial modeling and of course, consulting.

On Sunday night, the teams presented their businesses and management teams to an on-site panel of investors and entrepreneurs. The event was web-cast live. Several days later, two of the teams were in serious negotiations with investors, and one was offered a term sheet. The entire event couldn’t have happened as it did without the network.

Incubating a Local Industry

According to the Entertainment Software Association, U.S. computer and video game software sales generated $10.5 billion in 2009. Chattanooga aims to grab a piece of that action by creating a mini gaming industry ecosystem. EPB’s network will be the digital glue holding together the process of creating a digital game.

The city recently conducted a proof of concept when several dozen gamers collectively accessed the digital infrastructure built into a downtown theater to show the potential for linking this group via EPB’s network to theaters in other cities. This event also gave gaming industry representatives a preview of what happens if developers, animators and consumers are all linked via the network to the production, marketing and use of gaming products regardless of individuals’ physical location in Chattanooga. Chattanooga State Community College started a gaming degree program last fall. EPB’s network will be the digital engine driving the process from creating and refining the human capital to facilitating the technology and business elements vital to this industry.

Fleshing out Gigabit Success

Is tech company incubator Lamppost grooming the next Facebook?

Whereas incubators such as CoLab take someone with an idea and creates the skeleton of a future company or product, Lamppost Group puts the meat on the bones. It provides angel investments, facilities and a strong push out into the market.

Lamppost is recruiting 15 students from prestigious colleges nationwide for a special build-a-gigabit-app summer internship. The intern with the best app wins $50,000 from Lamppost. Interns also receive training and mentoring in eight core business skills, including sales, marketing, prototyping and design. All interns with good ideas can maintain their network accounts and relationships with Lamppost. The company and city undoubtedly will welcome them back after graduation.

Muni Wireless Comes Full Circle

Using its gigabit network for backhaul, Chattanooga is living the wireless dream. Its mesh network delivers 16 Mbps symmetrical Wi-Fi service for government-only use, and EPB is adding WiMAX and LTE capabilities that all local governments in EPB’s 600-mile footprint can use.

The city has implemented 56 applications, with many more on the drawing board. Two of these really have city workers abuzz. The first is a fleet of wirelessly-controlled helicopter drones, each with dual wireless video feeds. These allow workers to view remote, inaccessible and/or highly dangerous situations from the safety of their vehicles. Additional software analyzes video images to distinguish between, say, ducks on the water and floating trash without workers having to monitor the video feeds.

The second is a special imaging program that can scan and upload 3-D images, then create static holograms similar to those in the Star Trek episodes. Within 10 minutes, a portable device scans 300 yards in all directions vertically and horizontally, and wirelessly uploads one aspect of a building, crime scene, etc. All aspects of a “target area” are combined into one file. Chattanooga’s City Hall, for example, required six scans to capture the entire building, and the combined file held seven billion data points.

Investigators sitting in their cars can wirelessly access a crime scene file, interview a witness and based on the witness’ details, accurately plot the witness’ location in the file for the district attorney to pull up in court. The application also creates a 3-D hologram.

Check out the second part of this story, coming Monday, to read other highlights of Craig Settles’ site visit and lessons learned.

Craig Settles is a broadband industry analyst and Co-Director of Communities United for Broadband and can be found at @cjsettles on Twitter.

Related content from GigaOM Pro (subscription req’d):

• 3 Trends Defining the Future of the Digital Home
• Growing Mobile Data Use Turned Up Heat on Carriers in Q3
• Networking the Smart Grid

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kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice

What a Gigabit Network Can Do? Find Out

What a Gigabit Network Can Do? Find Out: "

Edit Note: This is the second of a two-part series on Craig Settles’ visit to Chattanooga, Tenn. to see what a gigabit network can offer a community. The first article can be found here.

“We have three main goals for Chattanooga’s broadband network,” says EPB President Harold DePriest, who oversaw the public utility’s $300 million investment in the network. “Use it to modernize our electric power infrastructure. Generate enough revenue for the network to pay for itself and be a catalyst for economic development.”

After spending two days in Chattanooga meeting with various stakeholders, it’s easy to see the network exceeding those goals.

EPB’s new smart grid, enabled by a gigabit of digital horsepower, can reduce hour-long power interruptions down to a few seconds. When eight twisters hit Chattanooga within 24 hours, the smart grid saved an estimated 730,000 outage minutes, as well as 250 unnecessary truck rolls. Financially, the network launched in September 2009 and had its first profitable month 18 months later. With all investment variables aside, it should start generating enough revenue to sustain operations by 2012. What’s more, EPB will capture millions of dollars is cost savings thanks to significant operational improvements.

LampPost founders want to use the gigabit network to encourage entrepreneurs in Chattanooga.

And it seems everywhere one looks, incubators, associations and regular businesses are all pulling together to make Chattanooga the place to be for forward-looking companies.

When you analyze the more than 130 communities running successful broadband networks, a common thread uniting them is strong leadership from top elected officials. Prior to Chattanooga’s network launch, incumbents in the area ran 2,600 ads attacking the project and asking citizens to write City Hall to protest the project. Thirty-eight people did. In response to the ads, one citizen wrote a letter to the editor asking neighbors to call City Hall if they felt EPB should build the network. Nearly 600 calls were logged supporting the project. Chattanooga’s mayor deserves much of the credit for rallying citizens behind the network project.

A Focus on Applications, Not Just Fiber

“This network is as important as anything we’ve done,” says Mayor Ron Littlefield. “The community itself is catching on to the value of the network in bits and pieces.” And how do you rally constituents to support an initiative involving technology many don’t understand? “We started by showing people how to solve common problems. That engages them. Then we show them how to tackle specialized problems. This makes them loyal supporters.”

Community stakeholders brainstorm for new gigabit application ideas.

EPB expands and strengthens community support with frequent briefing and brainstorming meetings with various stakeholders. Constituents keep up to date on developments and contribute a steady stream of ideas for network applications. These tactics cement customer loyalty even under an onslaught of competitive assaults. It’s impressive listening ideas build on each other as people hear about a particular feature or new application. The level of buy-in and word-of-mouth translate into significant revenue.

So what else has Chattanooga done? First, the city’s fiber overcomes one of muni Wi-Fi’s biggest original flaws: The mesh access points didn’t have enough horsepower for robust mobile applications and high data traffic. Chattanooga’s mesh design links a fiber strand to every third access point. The city could afford this because they built a set of mobile and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications that qualified them for six different grants. Rather than focus on “building a network,” the city focused on creating applications, won big pots of money that was pooled together and then built a superior wireless network that delivers 16 Mbps both upstream and downstream.

The city bought wireless radios that can be programmed to deliver WiMAX, should the city be so inclined, and it can incorporate existing local towers into the network to deliver LTE service in rural areas. Though this network is just for local governments in EPB’s 600-square-mile service area to share, other communities in the U.S. can put aspects of Chattanooga’s approach into play for consumer and business subscribers.

The Revenue Is in Applications, But the Returns Are in Economic Development

Economic development, though, is where long-term returns are. A common theme in discussions with business leaders and entrepreneurs was that the economic impact of the network is challenging to forecast, but easier to assess. According to Chris Daly, director of technology development and transfer for the Enterprise Center — which drives city economic development initiatives — “The difficulty is that the timeline you need to evaluate broadband’s impact on the local economy is so long, maybe two years or more, and so you have to review data retroactively. However, we know that when we look back, we’re going to see many changes to the local economy, because we’re seeing them already.”

SimCenter Enterprises CEO explains how gigabit networks can accelerate simulation development.

This makes evaluating the need for a gigabit network the ultimate “what if” exercise. What if a city had screaming fast outdoor wireless connectivity? What if the most disadvantaged youth could access a gigabit distance learning application at Harvard? What if local businesses could get real-time mentoring on global marketing from executives in China, Germany and Brazil?

SimCenter Enterprises in Chattanooga embodies this spirit. It’s a modeling and simulation company that uses high-performance computing to create or re-create scenarios to help predict the future. High-end modeling and simulation is a bandwidth hog if you want to loop in people working at other locations into the “what if” process. However, a gigabit network enables a small company in a mid-sized city to become the center of a world of supercomputers, international research teams and corporate giants.

Spending time in Chattanooga was a trip to see up close and personal what happens when a community asks, “What if we had a gigabit? What could we create, what can we change, how do we produce a stronger economy?” Chattanooga, along with many of the other communities that own their own broadband networks, are just beginning to find answers to a whole range of “what if” questions. Others, such Tacoma, Wash. and Santa Monica, Calif. have been answering the question for years. Undoubtedly, many more will follow them.

Craig Settles is a broadband industry analyst and Co-Director of Communities United for Broadband and can be found at @cjsettles on Twitter.

Related content from GigaOM Pro (subscription req’d):

• Mobile Q1: All Eyes on Tablets, T-Mobile and AT&T
• A Global Mobile Handset Platform Forecast, 2011 – 2015
• In Q4, Data Was Mobile’s Hot Spot

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kw: mesh, networking, freedom, p2p, internet, bitcoin, asterisk, google, google voice, android, root, free, wireless, data, linux, voip, voice